Representation Of Wolves

Question : Compare and contrast the representations of wolves in Angela Carter’s â€Å"The Company of Wolves† and â€Å"Wolf Alice†. How successful do Carter’s literary appropriations demythologise gender stereotypes.IntroductionIn The Bloody Chamber (1979), Angela Carter’s short stories took a particularly conservative genre and radically subverted it for feminist purposes, deconstructing and demythologizing gender stereotypes in a very creative manner. Fairy-tales were always a very traditionalist and patriarchal literary form, first recorded by aristocratic writers in the 17th and 18th Centuries as moralistic and cautionary stories for children.Politically, their agenda was the exact opposite of Carter, whose feminist views were forged in the new social movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Therefore, none of her female heroines follow these traditional gender roles of being passive victims or the sex objects of men. In â€Å"Wolf Alice†, the nameless female heroine was raised by wolves and was therefore on outcast in human society, unable to assume the passive and domestic gender roles expected of her, while in â€Å"The Company of Wolves†, the Little Red Riding Hood character is depicted as independent and fearless rather than a ‘typical’ female victim of the werewolf.At the end of both stories, the females also voluntarily enter into relationships with the ‘monsters’, claiming control over their own sexuality in defiance of the traditional gender roles. Female characters like these could only exist in a modern feminist or post-feminist context, and stand out as extremely divergent from the norm in society. Body â€Å"Wolf Alice† incorporates some of the elements of Snow White, Alice in Wonderland and Beauty and the Beast. Carter was always interested in the â€Å"’beat-marriage stories of the original fairy-tales†, and to the elements of ‘beastliness’ in all forms of sexuality (Makinen 1992).She was not simply portraying all males as beasts, rapists and monsters but rather making a more feminist statement that woman should take control over their sexual desires and â€Å"re-appropriate it as part of themselves† (Makinen 1992). Alice was raised by wolves and therefore could not speak, ran on all fours and preferred the night over day. In these characteristics, she retained all the â€Å"instinctual nature of her foster family† even after she has been sent to live with the nuns (Walker 77).As the nun-narrator explains â€Å"nothing about her is human except that she is not a wolf† (Wolf Alice 119). She is not even aware that she casts a reflection in the mirror, but believes it is another person. After teaching her some limited skills for nine days, the nuns decide that she really cannot be transformed back into a human, so they send her to the Duke’s castle. He is a nocturnal creature as well, who lives alone and feeds on the living and dead more like a ghoul than a werewolf or vampire.Alice performs domestic tasks for him, sweeping and making the bed, and â€Å"knows no better than to do his chores† (Wolf-Alice 120). Only with her menstruation does she begin to awaken to the fact that she is a female, since she knew nothing about these matters and the nuns certainly did not explain sexuality to her. At this time, she also becomes aware that her breasts are getting larger and begins to wear the old, discarded gowns that belonged to the Duke’s grandmother, although â€Å"she could not run so fast on two legs in petticoats† (Wolf Alice 124).After the Duke is injured during one of his nighttime forays, she begins to kiss his wound and thus transforms him back into a human â€Å"as if brought into being by her soft, moist, gentle tongue† (Wolf Alice 126). In â€Å"The Company of Wolves†, Carter subverts the â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† tale b y having the female hero willingly join in a sexual relationship with the werewolf. In the traditional versions of the story, of course, the monster is killed by the heroic male hunter, and as Carter describes the legends being circulated in the village, this was the normal fate of werewolves.In Carter’s alternative reality, though, the heroine becomes a â€Å"partner in seduction† (Walker 77). Even before she met the werewolf, she was slowly awakening to her sexuality and her â€Å"breasts had just begun to swell† (Company of Wolves 113). She had heard all the stories about werewolves from the villagers and the dangers of walking alone in the forest, but â€Å"she has her knife and is afraid of nothing† (Company of Wolves 113). To be sure, the werewolf is also described as young, handsome and seductive, so much so the even the grandmother notices his unusually large penis just before he kills and eats  her.Carter was well-aware of the mixture of sexual ity and violence in this creature, and writes that the â€Å"last thing the old lady saw in all the world was a young man, eyes like cinders, naked as a stone, approaching her bed† (Company of Wolves 117). When Little Red Riding Hood enters the cottage, they engage in the expected dialogue about his big eyes and teeth, but she was not a passive victim and laughed at his threats, knowing that â€Å"she was nobody’s meat† (Company of Wolves 118).At the very end of the story, she goes to sleep â€Å"between the tender paws of the wolf† that has just devoured Granny (Company of Wolves 118). Conclusion In â€Å"Wolf Alice† and â€Å"The Company of Wolves†, Angela Carter completely subverted and revised the traditional female stereotypes and gender roles, making her women characters courageous, autonomous and sexually aware. Not all of her leftist and feminist critics agreed with this, however.She was also so frank in her depiction of raw female p ower and sexuality that in in 1987, the New Socialist asserted that Carter was â€Å"the high-priestess of post-graduate porn† (Makinen 1992). Patricia Duncker. Aneis Lewellan and other feminist scholars thought that she had been unable to revise the â€Å"conservative form† of fairy-tales and turn them into feminist literature (Makinen 1992). On the other hand, Charley Baker was correct in arguing that Carter was always exploring â€Å"ways in which women can retain control and defy the systems of oppression that attempt to place them in the role of passive victim† (Baker 76).Similarly, Charlotte Crafts found that Carter’s intention was to â€Å"deconstruct myths about femininity contained within the tales† and challenge the â€Å"patriarchal structures of fairy-tale from within† (Crafts 54-55). Wolf Alice and Little Red Riding Hood were fully autonomous and independent women, who behaved in ways that not even the monsters could have expect ed. Contrary to traditional gender roles and stereotypes they were never passive victim and sexual objects, but instead chose to become involved in relationships with the creatures.To put it mildly, these would most definitely not have been considered appropriate actions for women in the traditional fairy-tales, and both of Carter’s female characters stand completely apart from ‘conventional’ society for that reason. From a political viewpoint, such a recasting of this ultra-conservative and patriarchal genre would only have been possible in feminist era in which liberated and powerful female heroines actually became conceivable for the first time in history.

Groupon Case Study Essay

Groupon has grow from 400 subscribers to 60 million subscribers world wide within five years, it’s fastest growing company in history. Groupon stands for group coupon that requires certain amount of subscribers to sign up for the deal. Moreover, there is a daily deal for local or national business, people can easy to use and redeem, so it raises the possibility for people to sign up. Furthermore, the most significant thing that Groupon is running based on the Internet, so it’s easy for people to discover and shop. Wherever the people are, they can just use their smartphone to check if there has any deal near them. 2. The Groupon Promise is an important rule for customer. Customer can return any Groupon they purchased if they don’t feel satisfied with the products, even if they used, there is no question ask. Therefore, people don’t need to worry about whether they will waste their money if they buy the products they don’t like. There is no risk taken for any customer. 4. There are possible psychological and sociological influences the Groupon consumer purchase decision process. Due to the recession, people have tried to save money, so people who are interested in other coupon websites, they may be also interested in Groupon. Moreover, after customers have used Groupon for several times, Groupon have begun personalizing deal for their customers. This process offers deals for customers that they are more likely to be interested in and purchase. Furthermore, every deal on Gropon websites will show customers how many other customer have purchased, so people won’t think they are the fist person to try the product, and take the risk. When customers see there are a lot of people buying this product, they may think it may be a good product, and I should get one. It enhances the customers to purchase, and quantity that company sells. 5. There are three challenges for Groupon in the future. First, there are customers who are dissatisfied with Groupon, or buy the Groupon and never use it. They are looking for regular customers. In order to solve this issue, I think Groupon need to evaluate the reason why people are not satisfied with their products. They need to control the quality they sell because it can affect or even ruin their reputation. Second, Groupon has difficulty on growth in the USA. There are more deals in US, but they don’t have many customers in here. I think Groupon need to discover what people really need to raise the sale in US. Even though they have more customers abroad than here, US citizens still have a stronger buying power than other countries. Finally, Groupon are competing with other coupon websites. I think Groupon need to keep their current customers by personalize their deals, and sending any promotion if customers have spent certain amount of money. Also, they need to attract more new customers such as giving a coupon, so people can use a free coupon to buy a coupon or products. No mater those customers will be regular customers or not, when they start to use a free coupon, they start the business with Groupon, and they are potentially be the regular customers in the future.

Impact of Information Technology (IT) on NHS Essay

Impact of Information Technology (IT) on NHS - Essay Example The research paper â€Å"Impact of Information Technology (IT) on NHS† highlights the introduction and implementation of ICT technology systems in health service. The introduction and use of computers in primary health care provision in the United Kingdom has progressed slowly due to lack of proper coordination. This has necessitated calls with proposals to change policies so as to improve primary health care. According to researchers, proper coordination might enhance the use of suitable application of information technology. From the time ICT was incepted and applied in the pathways of health care in the United Kingdom, patients have experienced tremendous improvement at all stages of health care provision. This has mainly been necessitated by the fact that technology improves communication between the health care system and its consumers. It has provided various ways in which consumers can reach health information through NHS Choices mobile directory, Feedback services like that offered by Patient Option that gives consumers with the alternative to change health care delivery. Technology may have an impact on the relationship between patients and their carers and or other medical experts in ways that may sometimes be perceived as counterproductive. For example, some doctors view the availability of online information to patients as a threat to the delicate balance of the patient–clinician relationship. Patients may be concerned that the relationship with their carers could be replaced by one with a machine. Patient Records SCR: The electronic health record card has the ability to track the patient and allows staff treating or taking care for patients to easily access information about them, therefore improving diagnosis and care. Electronic Prescription Service: The Electronic Prescription Service enables those providing prescription services such as GPs and practice nurses, to send prescriptions electronically to dispensers like pharmacies of the patient’s choice. This has revitalized prescribing and dispensing processes therefore making it to be safe and convenient for patients and staff (Royal Commission on Long Term Care, 1999). Choose and E-Book ICT has provided the opportunity for online booking services as well as touch-screen patient check-in systems that offer patients more autonomy on the consultation process with their preferred medical expert and therefore empower them. It also offers monitoring and alarm facilities that help patients to sustain an independent life while bed-nursing at home for patients who might have to be cared for in a medical facility. Besides, there are devices that can check the level of blood glucose while others are able to monitor the use of anticoagulants help to save patients from unnecessary visits to the clinic or hospital. Individual applications located anywhere for both patients are available. In medicine, ICT has had adverse positive effects beyond the doctors’ a nd hospital databases. It is evident that other areas that have recorded substantial effects from ICT include computers that control diagnostic machineries. In addition, computer analysis of information collected from diagnostic equipment (Royal Commission on Long Term Care, 1999). This is evident since images from NRM scans that are very unintelligible get processed and interpreted clearly by computers and therefore helping doctors to give the correct prescriptions to the patient. Expert systems can avail doctors with information regarding diseases that are uncommon. For medical consultants, guidelines and online access to research results and protocols on searchable databanks offer easy reference to the current knowledge reservoir. Preventive care has also been greatly facilitated by

Formal Report-Analyzing two possible career choices Assignment

Formal Report-Analyzing two possible career choices - Assignment Example The choices that are being considered are that of a career as a Sales Manager or as a Marketing Manager. These two positions will be evaluated on the basis of the salary, number of hours worked, the benefits that go with the job and the long term prospects for the job. Career Alert conducted extensive research on the job opportunities open for a Sales Manager and a Marketing Manager through the website Glassdoor.com, the ExecutivesOnTheWeb.com and Careerbuilder.com. Information regarding the current salary ranges of both the Sales and Marketing Managers were based on these sites. Interviews were conducted among current Sales and Marketing Managers to get insights on their careers. Career Alert believes in the importance of making the right decision in choosing a career. We are aware that a career choice is dependent on several factors such as the salary and the future prospects for the job. Your concern is our concern too. We measure our success by the success of our clients. We are dedicated to helping you decide what the best career path is for you, a Sales Manager or a Marketing Manager. Glassdoor. (2012, March 27). Sales and marketing manager salaries. Retrieved April 9, 2012, from glassdoor.com Web site:

Religion and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion and Politics - Essay Example Firstly, with regard to Judaism, the oldest of the three, it can and should be noted that this has been a religion that has traditionally be restricted to a particular ethnicity; namely individuals of Jewish decent/ancestry (Hartnell 61). Within such a manner, it is quite obvious to note the political nature of such a religion in that it provides a level of cohesion between a given race and helps to define that which is â€Å"other† within the external environment. By means of contrast and comparison, the next religion, within the chronological time-scale is that of Christianity. Due to the fact that Christianity is by its very nature a religion that encourages a degree of evangelism, the level to which the religion has been co-opted by many as a political tool to spread power and influence has been immense. Looking back into history, the first example of this that can be noted is with respect to Constantine and the manner through which he enlarged the Roman Empire of the time by de facto baptizing his legions and creating a forced conversion that drastically changed the nature of the way in which Christianity was defined. Further, when one considers Islam, the directives of Mohammed were clear that this religion should serve as a growing and all encompassing religion; one that prophecy dictated the entire world would convert to before the end of times. As Muslim traders journeyed around the Middle East and into parts of North Africa and the Indian subcontinent, they brought their religion with them; partly as a means of encouraging a degree of cohesion amongst the newly conquered peoples and partly as a means of fulfilling the need and requisite command to bring further individuals to the faith. Although each of these religions is no doubt quite different from its counterparts, they are nonetheless all similar with respect to

Effect Disorders Have on Adult Neurogenesis Research Paper

Effect Disorders Have on Adult Neurogenesis - Research Paper Example Therefore, neurogenesis normally leads to production of new neuronal cells that serves to provide an additional stock of plasticity to allow the adult brain to adapt to changing environmental cues. This in the end provides the possibility of making stable modifications between the existing neuronal network and its cognitive and emotional functions. Winer, Kohl and Hage present that the generation as well as cell death of a cell of a newly generated tissue, plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of the brain of both adults and embryos. Consequently, any alterations in such processes are normally seen in the presence of a neurodegenerative disease. There are a number of such diseases that that tend to interfere with the proper functioning of the brain and other associated neurological functions. These diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, Schizophrenia, Epilepsy and Depression. This paper seeks to analyze the various effects of that these disorders have on adult neurology. Moreover, the precise effect of each of these disorders will also be highlighted with particular interest on the specific part of the brain the disorders tend to affect. According to Scharfman, in the adult brain neurogenesis usually occurs in three distinct areas, the subventricular zone, the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Winer, Kohl and Gage document that disorders that tend to interfere with the proper neurological functioning of the adult brain, are associated with certain genes that play a great part in the development of the disorders. Some of these genes include presenilin, and alpha-synuclein. They tend to have some psychological effect in the modulation of the plasticity of the brain especially on protein membranes and areas with a high concentration of synapses. Additionally, the alpha-synuclein gene also tend to interfere with the synthesis of dopamine, whose synthesis, metabolism, subsequent release or

Aviation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Aviation - Research Paper Example This way, the business transactions between consumers and the company are monitored in order to help in the company’s revenue management. The company in question also needs to base on other external information including information about prices of the company’s competitors in the market, the season in the market, as well as the consumers buying patterns. Basically, yield or revenue management involves decision-making, as the company attempts to figure out and make decisions regarding the kind of services to be sold, at what time to sell them, and at what price to sell them at, which would ensure that the company rips maximum profits (Coombs, Hobbs & Jenkins, 2005). Yield management is therefore, an integral part of management accounting, as it involves financial control in a company, as well has financial consequences on a company. The decisions made in the process of revenue or yield management in a company are instrumental in helping a company settle for specific prices for its services, which will be in alignment with the demand in the market. This is with regard to ensuring that consumer needs are met, while at the same time ensuring maximization of profits for the company (Sani, 2011). There are various aspects in the company and in the external environment, which help the company make viable decisions in the process of yield management, especially with regard to the determination of prices for the services offered by the company. Such aspects include the type of services offered by the company. Depending on the nature and quality of the services a company offers, the management are in a position to make decisions, regarding the price they will fix for each type of service. In addition, the market type is also of essence in helping a company make decisions concerning service pricing. If the market is domi nated by middle income-earners, it is more likely that a company will make service-pricing decisions based on the income or

Norms and Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Norms and Security - Essay Example His article is extremely credible and his style of writing that of a person intimately associated with the intricacies of international political scenario. In this article he poses three very pertinent questions. One, where this norm originates? Two, to what extent does it influence state actions? Three, why does this norm exceed other â€Å"ethical injunctions†? in the United States, the dual conundrums of an intransigent Saddam Hussein and terrorists such as Osama bin Laden have raised calls in Congress and among the media for assassination to be considered as a policy option (105). He points out that historically political assassination has not been resorted to by â€Å"great powers† and whole scale war has been the preferred option even though the collateral damage in case of a full scale war is much more and leads to the loss of many innocent lives and destruction of property. He cities that,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ethical concerns usually place assassinations off-limits as a policy option especially when the target is an international leader† (105), but due to monumental changes in the way the international politics is conducted today, reality has taken precedence over idealism and by extension ethics and morality have been side lined in international affairs. In conclusion his pragmatic approach to political assassinations is that in this modern world of real politic where terrorism and guerilla warfare have replaced the traditional modes of violence this option or ploy of political assassinations, albeit â€Å"unethical† (105) to achieve certain political ends is perfectly

Cancer Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cancer Treatment - Essay Example Sometimes this can be accomplished by surgery, but the tendency of cancers to invade adjacent tissue or to spread to distant sites by microscopic metastasis often limits its effectiveness. The success of chemotherapy is often limited by toxicity to other tissues in the body. Radiation can also cause damage to normal tissue. Identifying causes of cancer and developing strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatments and cure of it ,form the major objectives of cancer research. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience (bench research) to the performance of clinical trials to guage and correlate applications of the various cancer treatment. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. The attention in clinical cancer research has shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy, since the 1990s. The effectiveness of the various different cures and treatments for cancer can be analysed individually. According to the American Cancer Society, surgery is the oldest form of cancer treatment. It also has an important role in diagnosing and finding the extent of cancer. Advances in surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to successfully operate on a growing number of patients. Today, less invasive operations often can be done to remove tumors while saving as much normal tissue and function as possible.Surgery offers the greatest chance for cure for many types of cancer, especially those that have not spread to other parts of the body. Most people with cancer will have some type of surgery. While different types of surgeries are performed in relation to cancer, it is curative surgery that is done to treat cancer primarily. Curative surgery is done when a tumor appears to be confined to one area and it is likely that all of the tumor can be removed. It may be used alone or along w ith chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which can be given before or after the operation. Sometimes radiation therapy is actually used during an operation. This is called intraoperative radiation therapy. The medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control cancer cells is called radiotherapy . Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment.Chemotherapy refers to the use of antineoplastic drugs to treat cancer. Tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the aggressive lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy as chemotherapy affects cell-division and also as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any time. Malignancies with slower growth rates, such as indolent lymphomas do not respond as well to chemotherapy. According to Wikipedia,hormonal therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment for cancer. Hormonal therapy involves the engineering of the endocrine system